/* Visual system: a researcher's page set like a journal. Near-black ink on
   neutral paper, one cobalt accent for links and the action. STIX Two, the
   face the physics publishers commissioned, sets every heading; Source Sans 3
   reads. Figures follow the Communications Physics style on transparent
   ground. */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Source Sans 3";
  src: url("../fonts/source-sans-3-regular.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Source Sans 3";
  src: url("../fonts/source-sans-3-semibold.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600 800;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "STIX Two Text";
  src: url("../fonts/stix-two-text.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400 700;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "STIX Two Text";
  src: url("../fonts/stix-two-text-italic.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400 700;
  font-display: swap;
}
:root {
  --gutter: 48px;
  --bg: #f5f6f7;
  --surface: #eaecee;
  --ink: #16181d;
  --muted: #4b5059;
  --primary: #1a43b0;
  --hero: #16181d;
  --field-deep: #16181d;
  --on-field: #f5f6f7;
  --on-field-muted: #c9ccd2;
  --line-field: #3a3e46;
  --brass: #f5f6f7;
  --brass-strong: #ffffff;
  --mint: #c9ccd2;
  --line: #d3d7dc;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --accent: #1a43b0;
  --frame: 1120px;
  --serif: "STIX Two Text", "STIX Two Math", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans: "Source Sans 3", Arial, sans-serif;
  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--bg);
  font-synthesis: none;
}
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  background: var(--bg);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
a {
  color: inherit;
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  a:hover {
    color: var(--primary);
  }
}
a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--primary);
  outline-offset: 5px;
  border-radius: 1px;
}
::selection {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--bg);
}
img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
p,
figure {
  margin: 0;
}
h1,
h2,
h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  font-variant-numeric: lining-nums;
}
h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4.25rem);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}
h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.3vw, 2.15rem);
}
h3 {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
p + p {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
p {
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
h1,
h2,
h3 {
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.wrap {
  max-width: calc(var(--frame) + 2 * var(--gutter));
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: 48px;
}
/* Header. Wide screens show every link; narrow screens fold them into a
   menu. With JavaScript the bar is sticky, slides away while the reader
   scrolls down and returns on the way back up. */
.site-header {
  --slide: 280ms cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
  background: var(--bg);
  z-index: 20;
}
.js .site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  transition:
    transform var(--slide),
    box-shadow var(--slide);
}
.js .site-header.is-stuck {
  box-shadow: none; /* taste-skill-ignore: no shadow */
}
.js .site-header.is-hidden {
  transform: translateY(calc(-100% - 2px));
  box-shadow: none; /* taste-skill-ignore: no shadow */
}
.header-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px 32px;
  min-height: 88px;
  padding-block: 16px;
}
.identity {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  min-width: 0;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.identity-mark {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 28px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  background: var(--hero);
  color: var(--on-field);
  display: flex;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 49px;
  height: 49px;
  letter-spacing: -2px;
}
.identity-sub {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 13px;
  margin-top: 5px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.site-menu {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px 30px;
  margin-left: auto;
}
.site-header nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 26px;
}
.site-header nav a {
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 16px;
  padding-block: 5px;
}
.site-header nav a[aria-current] {
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.lang-switch {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding-left: 22px;
}
.lang-switch a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  min-height: 32px;
  padding-inline: 6px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.lang-sep {
  width: 1px;
  height: 14px;
  margin-inline: 6px;
  background: var(--line);
  transform: rotate(20deg);
}
.lang-switch a[aria-current] {
  color: var(--ink);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .lang-switch a:hover {
    color: var(--ink);
  }
}
.lang-switch .flag,
.lang-label {
  display: none;
}
.lang-name {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px; /* taste-skill-ignore: visually hidden text */
  overflow: hidden;
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.flag {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 2px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px oklch(0.25 0.12 265 / 0.15); /* taste-skill-ignore: keeps white flag edges visible */
}
.menu-toggle {
  display: none;
}
@media (max-width: 1099.98px) {
  .js .header-bar {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    gap: 16px;
  }
  .js .menu-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-left: auto;
    min-height: 44px;
    padding: 0 16px 0 14px;
    font: inherit;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink);
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 0;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color 200ms var(--ease-out);
  }
  .js .is-open .menu-toggle {
    background: var(--line);
  }
  @media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
    .js .menu-toggle:hover {
      background: var(--line);
    }
  }
  .menu-icon {
    position: relative;
    width: 18px;
    height: 12px;
  }
  .menu-icon::before,
  .menu-icon::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: currentColor;
    transition: transform var(--slide);
  }
  .menu-icon::before {
    top: 1px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 0 currentColor; /* taste-skill-ignore: draws the menu icon bars */
  }
  .menu-icon::after {
    bottom: 1px;
  }
  .is-open .menu-icon::before {
    box-shadow: none; /* taste-skill-ignore: no shadow */
    transform: translateY(4px) rotate(45deg);
  }
  .is-open .menu-icon::after {
    transform: translateY(-4px) rotate(-45deg);
  }
  .js .site-menu {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    max-height: calc(100dvh - 100%);
    overflow-y: auto;
    padding: 4px var(--gutter) 28px;
    overscroll-behavior: contain;
    background: var(--bg);
  }
  /* The open menu dims the page behind it; the header (z-index 20) stays
     above the scrim. Tapping the scrim closes the menu (header.js). */
  .js body:has(.site-header.is-open)::after {
    content: "";
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 15;
    background: rgb(22 24 29 / 0.32);
    animation: scrim-in 200ms var(--ease-out);
  }
  .js .is-open .site-menu {
    display: block;
    animation: menu-open var(--slide);
  }
  .js .site-menu nav {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
  }
  .js .site-menu nav a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    min-height: 56px;
    font-size: 22px;
  }
  .js .site-menu nav a[aria-current] {
    color: var(--primary);
  }
  .js .site-menu .lang-switch {
    gap: 8px;
    margin-top: 22px;
    padding-left: 0;
    border-left: 0;
  }
  .js .site-menu .lang-label {
    display: block;
    margin-right: auto;
    font-size: 16px;
    color: var(--muted);
  }
  .js .site-menu .lang-switch a {
    min-height: 44px;
    padding-inline: 12px 14px;
    background: var(--surface);
    font-size: 16px;
    letter-spacing: 0;
  }
  .js .site-menu .lang-sep {
    display: none;
  }
  .js .site-menu .lang-switch a[aria-current] {
    background: var(--surface);
    border-color: var(--primary);
  }
  .js .site-menu .flag {
    display: block;
  }
  .js .site-menu .lang-code {
    display: none;
  }
  .js .site-menu .lang-name {
    position: static;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    clip-path: none;
  }
}
@keyframes scrim-in {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}
@keyframes menu-open {
  from {
    clip-path: inset(0 0 100% 0);
  }
  to {
    clip-path: inset(0 0 -40px 0);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .header-bar {
    min-height: 72px;
    padding-block: 12px;
  }
  .identity-mark {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    font-size: 28px;
  }
  .identity {
    font-size: 18px;
  }
  .identity-sub {
    font-size: 13px;
  }
  .site-header nav a {
    font-size: 16px;
    min-height: 44px;
  }
  .site-header nav {
    column-gap: 16px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .js .menu-toggle {
    padding-inline: 12px;
  }
  .menu-label {
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px; /* taste-skill-ignore: visually hidden text */
    overflow: hidden;
    clip-path: inset(50%);
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .site-header {
    --slide: 0ms linear;
  }
  .js .is-open .site-menu {
    animation: none;
  }
}
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: 8px;
  left: 8px;
  transform: translateY(-200%);
  background: var(--white);
  padding: 10px 20px;
  z-index: 30;
}
.skip-link:focus {
  transform: none;
}
main:focus {
  outline: none;
}

.button {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--bg);
  padding: 14px 24px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 22px;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 16px;
  min-height: 52px;
  transition:
    background-color 200ms var(--ease-out),
    transform 200ms var(--ease-out);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .button:hover {
    background: var(--primary);
    color: var(--white);
  }
}
.button:active {
  transform: scale(0.97);
  transition-duration: 100ms;
}
.button span[aria-hidden] {
  transition: transform 240ms var(--ease-out);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .button:hover span[aria-hidden] {
    transform: translate(2px, -2px);
  }
}
.text-link {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .site-footer a:hover {
    color: var(--primary);
  }
}

.name-last {
  display: inline-block;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

@keyframes rise {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(14px);
  }
}
.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(16px);
  transition:
    opacity 520ms var(--ease-out),
    transform 520ms var(--ease-out);
}
.reveal.is-in {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
}
.post-figure.reveal,
.article-preview-text.reveal,
.research-topic > div + div.reveal {
  transition-delay: 90ms;
}
.article-preview-figure.reveal {
  transition-delay: 180ms;
}

.publication-description {
  max-width: none;
  margin-block: 14px;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.publication {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 155px 1fr;
  gap: 30px;
  padding-block: 40px;
}
.publication + .publication {
  padding-top: 8px;
}
.publication-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 1.9vw, 1.7rem);
  line-height: 1;
  font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
}
.status {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--primary);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.status::before {
  content: "";
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  background: currentColor;
}
.status.preprint {
  color: var(--muted);
}

/* A citation: title, then authors and venue, then what the paper does. */
.publication-body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  max-width: 40em;
}
.publication .authors {
  order: 1;
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.publication .venue {
  order: 2;
}
.publication .publication-description {
  order: 3;
  margin-block: 16px 0;
}
.publication .paper-links {
  order: 4;
}
.publication h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 1.7vw, 1.55rem);
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.publication h3 > a {
  text-decoration: none;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .publication h3 > a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
  }
}
.arrow {
  white-space: nowrap;
  color: var(--primary);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.72em;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.authors {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 12px;
}
.authors strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.venue {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-style: italic;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.paper-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 28px;
  margin-top: 15px;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 600;
}
/* Closing field: contact, then the footer with the name at full width. */

.contact-email {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px 18px;
}

.copy-email {
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary);
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 0;
  padding: 7px 14px;
  min-height: 40px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 200ms var(--ease-out);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .copy-email:hover {
    background: var(--line);
  }
}

.contact-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 16px 28px;
  margin-top: 28px;
}
/* Footer: one quiet line. The name and links, nothing repeated at size. */
.site-footer {
  margin-top: clamp(24px, 4vw, 56px);
  background: var(--surface);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 16px;
}
.footer-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px 32px;
  padding-block: 28px;
}
.social-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 22px;
}
.site-footer a {
  text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, currentColor 40%, transparent);
}
/* Inner pages open on their title and one sentence, on the paper itself. */
.page-heading {
  padding-top: clamp(56px, 7vw, 104px);
  padding-bottom: clamp(32px, 4vw, 56px);
  margin-bottom: clamp(24px, 3vw, 48px);
}
.page-heading:not(.article-heading) > * {
  animation: rise 700ms var(--ease-out) backwards;
}
.page-heading:not(.article-heading) > :nth-child(2) {
  animation-delay: 110ms;
}
.page-heading:not(.article-heading) > :nth-child(3) {
  animation-delay: 220ms;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .page-heading > * {
    animation: none;
  }
}
.page-heading h1 {
  max-width: 1080px;
}
.page-lede {
  font-size: 21px;
  color: var(--muted);
  max-width: 820px;
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin-top: 25px;
}
.page-heading .text-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 22px;
}
.publication-list {
  padding-bottom: 80px;
}
.publication-list .publication {
  padding-block: 35px;
}
.list-note {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding-top: 25px;
}
.research-detail {
  padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.research-topic {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.4fr;
  gap: 70px;
  padding-block: clamp(48px, 6vw, 88px);
  scroll-margin-top: 24px;
}
.topic-subtitle {
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 14px;
}
.research-topic > div > p:not(.topic-subtitle) {
  font-size: 20px;
  max-width: 36em;
}
.related-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 25px;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.project-list {
  padding-bottom: 90px;
}
.project {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.4fr;
  gap: 70px;
  padding-block: 48px;
}
.project > div > p:not(.intro-line, .project-category) {
  font-size: 18px;
  max-width: 34em;
}
.activity-section {
  padding-bottom: 65px;
}
.activity-section > h2 {
  font-size: 32px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}
.activity-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr;
  gap: 35px;
  padding-block: 22px;
}
.activity-date {
  font-size: 18px;
}
.activity-type,
.project-category {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 8px;
}
.activity-row h3 {
  font-size: 23px;
  max-width: 900px;
}
.activity-row h3 + p {
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.activity-row p + p {
  margin-top: 2px;
}

.teaching-row {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 25px;
  padding-block: 20px;
}
.teaching-row h3 {
  font-size: 23px;
}
.teaching-row p {
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0;
}
.cv-page .page-heading h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4.25rem);
}
.updated {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 14px;
}
.file-type {
  font-size: 13px;
  background: var(--surface);
  padding: 1px 4px;
}
.cv-content {
  padding-bottom: 70px;
}
.cv-section {
  padding-block: clamp(36px, 4vw, 56px);
}
.cv-section h2 {
  font-size: 28px;
  margin-bottom: 27px;
}
.cv-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 190px 1fr;
  gap: 30px;
  margin-top: 25px;
}
.cv-row h3 {
  font-size: 23px;
}
.cv-row p {
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 5px;
  max-width: 40em;
}
.cv-row .cv-period {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 16px;
}
.cv-row .cv-institution {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.cv-paper {
  margin-top: 25px;
  max-width: 940px;
}
.cv-paper h3 {
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.cv-paper h3 a {
  text-decoration: none;
}
.cv-paper p {
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--muted);
  max-width: 44em;
}
.print-url,
.print-profiles {
  display: none;
}
.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px; /* taste-skill-ignore: visually hidden text */
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  :root {
    --gutter: 32px;
  }
  .wrap {
    padding-inline: 32px;
  }

  .research-topic,
  .project {
    gap: 35px;
  }
  .project {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 20px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  :root {
    --gutter: 24px;
  }
  .wrap {
    padding-inline: 24px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .article-preview.article-preview-featured h3 {
    font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 1.9vw, 1.7rem);
  }

  .publication {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 15px;
    padding-block: 26px;
  }
  .publication-meta {
    flex-direction: row;
    gap: 15px;
    align-items: center;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }
  .authors {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .social-links {
    gap: 8px 18px;
  }
  .page-heading {
    padding-block: 45px 37px;
  }
  .page-heading h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 8.2vw, 3.6rem);
  }
  .page-heading h1 br {
    display: none;
  }
  .page-lede {
    font-size: 21px;
    margin-top: 20px;
  }
  .research-topic,
  .project {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 25px;
    padding-block: 35px;
  }
  .research-topic h2,
  .project h2 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
  }
  h2 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
  }

  .research-topic > div > p:not(.topic-subtitle),
  .project > div > p:not(.intro-line) {
    font-size: 18px;
  }
  .activity-section > h2 {
    font-size: 28px;
  }
  .activity-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 10px;
  }
  .activity-row h3 {
    font-size: 21px;
  }
  .activity-date {
    font-size: 16px;
  }
  .teaching-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
  }
  .cv-page .page-heading h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 8.8vw, 3.3rem);
  }
  .cv-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 5px;
  }
  .cv-row h3 {
    font-size: 21px;
  }
  .cv-section h2 {
    font-size: 28px;
  }
  .cv-paper h3 {
    font-size: 21px;
  }
  .cv-paper p {
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  }
}

.article-index {
  padding-bottom: 80px;
}
.article-list-heading {
  font-size: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 25px;
}
.article-preview {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 42px;
  padding-block: 40px;
}
.article-preview.has-figure {
  grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 360px);
  align-items: start;
}
.article-preview-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 10px;
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.article-category {
  color: var(--primary);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.article-preview h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 1.9vw, 1.7rem);
  max-width: 26ch;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.article-preview h3 a {
  text-decoration: none;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .article-preview h3 a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
  }
}
.article-preview p {
  max-width: 62ch;
  margin-block: 18px;
}
/* Each post is previewed with its own figure, matted on white. */
.article-preview-figure {
  display: block;
  background: var(--surface);
  padding: clamp(12px, 1.6vw, 22px);
}
.article-preview-figure img {
  width: 100%;
  transition: transform 500ms var(--ease-out);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .article-preview:hover .article-preview-figure img {
    transform: scale(1.02);
  }
}
.article-preview-featured {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 24px clamp(40px, 5vw, 80px);
  background: var(--surface);
  padding: clamp(28px, 4.4vw, 64px);
  margin-bottom: clamp(48px, 6vw, 88px);
}
.article-preview-featured.has-figure {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: auto auto auto 1fr;
  row-gap: 20px;
  align-items: start;
}
.article-preview-featured .article-preview-text {
  display: contents;
}
.article-preview-featured h3 {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  grid-row: 1;
  font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 2.9vw, 2.75rem);
  line-height: 1.06;
  max-width: none;
}
.article-preview-featured p {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 3;
  margin: 0;
}
.article-preview-featured .text-link {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 4;
  justify-self: start;
}
.article-preview-featured .article-preview-meta {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 2;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px 20px;
}
.article-preview-featured.has-figure .article-preview-figure {
  background: var(--bg);
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 2 / span 3;
  align-self: start;
}
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .article-preview.has-figure {
    grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .article-preview.has-figure .article-preview-figure {
    grid-column: 2;
    max-width: 440px;
  }
  .article-preview-featured,
  .article-preview-featured.has-figure {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .article-preview-featured h3,
  .article-preview-featured p,
  .article-preview-featured .text-link,
  .article-preview-featured .article-preview-meta,
  .article-preview-featured.has-figure .article-preview-figure {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: auto;
  }
  .article-preview-featured .article-preview-meta {
    order: 1;
  }
  .article-preview-featured.has-figure .article-preview-figure {
    order: 2;
    max-width: 560px;
  }
}
/* Article page: a contents rail, one reading column shared by text,
   equations and figures, and a free margin that wide figures may use. */
.article-shell {
  --measure: 720px;
  --article-gap: clamp(40px, 4vw, 64px);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns:
    [rail] minmax(190px, 1fr) [text] minmax(0, var(--measure))
    [margin] minmax(0, 1fr) [end];
  column-gap: var(--article-gap);
  padding-bottom: 70px;
}
.article-heading {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  grid-column: text / end;
  max-width: 1040px;
}
.article-heading .page-lede {
  max-width: var(--measure);
}
.article-heading h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 3.6vw, 3.25rem);
  line-height: 1.06;
  max-width: 36ch;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.article-heading .article-back {
  margin: 0 0 34px;
}
.article-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 24px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 28px;
}
.article-meta > :first-child {
  color: var(--primary);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.article-byline {
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-top: 8px;
}
.article-contents {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  grid-column: rail;
  align-self: start;
  position: sticky;
  top: calc(var(--header-offset, 0px) + 32px);
  max-width: 240px;
  max-height: calc(100dvh - 64px - var(--header-offset, 0px));
  transition: top 280ms cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
  overflow-y: auto;
  padding-top: 22px;
}
.article-contents h2 {
  font-size: 18px;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
.article-contents summary {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  list-style: none;
}
.article-contents summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}
/* Wide screens: the list is the open side rail, not a control. */
@media (min-width: 1000.02px) {
  .article-contents summary {
    pointer-events: none;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .article-contents details {
    background: var(--surface);
    padding: 0 18px;
  }
  .article-contents summary {
    min-height: 52px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    cursor: pointer;
    -webkit-user-select: none;
    user-select: none;
  }
  .article-contents summary::after {
    content: "+";
    font-size: 24px;
    line-height: 1;
    transition: transform 200ms var(--ease-out);
  }
  .article-contents details[open] summary::after {
    transform: rotate(45deg);
  }
  .article-contents details[open] nav {
    padding-bottom: 18px;
  }
  .article-contents summary:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid var(--primary);
    outline-offset: 3px;
  }
}
.article-contents nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
}
.article-contents nav a {
  position: relative;
  font-size: 16px;
  padding-block: 3px;
  padding-left: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.article-contents nav a::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.8em;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: transparent;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .article-contents nav a:hover {
    color: var(--ink);
  }
}
.article-contents nav a[aria-current="true"] {
  color: var(--primary);
}
.article-contents nav a[aria-current="true"]::before {
  background: var(--primary);
}
.article-body {
  grid-column: text / end;
  min-width: 0;
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.article-body > * {
  max-width: var(--measure);
}
.article-body > .figure-wide {
  max-width: none;
}
.article-body .figure-wide figcaption {
  max-width: var(--measure);
}
.article-animation video {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  background: var(--bg);
}
.article-animation .animation-print {
  display: none;
}
.animation-transcript {
  margin-top: 16px;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}
.animation-transcript summary {
  color: var(--primary);
  cursor: pointer;
  width: fit-content;
}
.animation-transcript summary:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--primary);
  outline-offset: 5px;
}
@media print {
  .article-animation video {
    display: none;
  }
  .article-animation .animation-print {
    display: block;
  }
}
.article-body h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
  margin-block: 56px 22px;
  scroll-margin-top: 24px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.article-body > h2:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}
.article-body h3 {
  margin-block: 32px 16px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.article-body ol,
.article-body ul {
  padding-left: 1.3em;
  margin-block: 24px;
}
.article-body li + li {
  margin-top: 16px;
}
.article-body figure {
  margin-block: 44px;
}
.article-body figure img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}
.article-body figure picture[hidden],
.article-body figure.is-interactive picture {
  display: none;
}
.plot-holder {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  height: clamp(320px, 52vw, 430px);
}
.plot-controls {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}
.plot-control {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 8.5rem minmax(0, 1fr) 3rem;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.plot-control input {
  width: 100%;
  accent-color: var(--primary);
}
.plot-control output {
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  text-align: right;
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .plot-control {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 3rem;
  }
  .plot-control label {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }
  .plot-control input {
    min-width: 0;
  }
}
.plot-readout {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.plot-static-caption {
  display: none;
}
.ramsey-viewport {
  overflow-x: auto;
}
.ramsey-viewport .plot-holder {
  min-width: 280px;
}
.ramsey-viewport:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--primary);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
@media print {
  .article-body figure.is-interactive picture {
    display: block;
  }
  .plot-holder,
  .ramsey-viewport,
  .plot-controls,
  .plot-readout,
  .plot-interactive-caption {
    display: none;
  }
  .plot-static-caption {
    display: inline;
  }
}
.article-body .figure-narrow img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 520px;
  margin-inline: auto;
}
.article-body figcaption {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 16px;
}
.equation {
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: 18px 12px;
  margin-block: 28px;
  background: var(--surface);
}
.equation math {
  font-size: 1.12em;
  margin: 0;
}
.equation:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--primary);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
.article-body .research-reading {
  padding-block: 24px;
}
.research-reading h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
  font-size: 23px;
}
.research-reading .reading-status {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.article-end {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-top: 48px;
  padding-top: 25px;
  font-size: 18px;
}
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .article-shell {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .article-heading,
  .article-contents,
  .article-body {
    grid-column: 1;
  }
  .article-contents {
    position: static;
    transition: none;
    max-width: var(--measure);
    max-height: none;
    overflow: visible;
    margin-bottom: 35px;
  }
  .article-contents nav {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 12px 25px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .article-preview,
  .article-preview.has-figure {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 20px;
  }
  .article-preview.has-figure .article-preview-figure {
    grid-column: auto;
  }
  .article-preview-meta {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px 18px;
  }
  .article-body {
    font-size: 18px;
  }
  .article-contents nav {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .article-body h2 {
    margin-top: 42px;
  }
  .article-heading .page-lede {
    font-size: 21px;
  }
}
@media print {
  .article-contents,
  .article-back,
  .article-end {
    display: none;
  }
  .article-shell {
    display: block;
  }
  .article-body,
  .article-body > * {
    max-width: none;
  }
  .article-body figure,
  .equation {
    break-inside: avoid;
  }
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "STIX Two Math";
  src: url("../fonts/stix-two-math.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
}
.equation math {
  font-family: "STIX Two Math", math;
}
.article-body .inline-math {
  font-family: "STIX Two Math", math;
  font-size: 1.04em;
  math-style: compact;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.policy {
  padding-bottom: 80px;
}
.policy > * {
  max-width: 72ch;
}
.policy h2 {
  font-size: 26px;
  margin: 44px 0 12px;
}
.policy p + p {
  margin-top: 14px;
}
.policy-updated {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.footer-note a {
  margin-left: 6px;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .article-contents {
    transition: none;
  }
}

/* Home: the researcher first. Name, role, bio and links beside the
   portrait; then research lines with their own figures, selected papers in
   citation form, writing and contact. One measure, left-aligned. */
.intro-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) clamp(240px, 28vw, 340px);
  gap: clamp(40px, 6vw, 96px);
  align-items: start;
  padding-top: clamp(56px, 7vw, 104px);
  padding-bottom: clamp(88px, 9vw, 136px);
}
.intro-hero h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 5vw, 4.25rem);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}
.intro-role {
  margin-top: 16px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 21px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.intro-text > p:not(.intro-role) {
  max-width: 36em;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.intro-lead {
  margin-top: 32px;
}
.intro-text a:not(.button) {
  text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, currentColor 35%, transparent);
  transition:
    color 200ms var(--ease-out),
    text-decoration-color 200ms var(--ease-out);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .intro-text a:hover {
    text-decoration-color: currentColor;
  }
}
.intro-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 28px;
  margin: 32px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.intro-links a {
  color: var(--primary);
}
.intro-portrait {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--surface);
}
.intro-portrait img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  object-fit: cover;
}
/* The one orchestrated moment: the introduction settles in on load. */
.intro-text > *,
.intro-portrait {
  animation: rise 700ms var(--ease-out) backwards;
}
.intro-role {
  animation-delay: 80ms;
}
.intro-lead {
  animation-delay: 160ms;
}
.intro-text > p:nth-of-type(3) {
  animation-delay: 220ms;
}
.intro-links {
  animation-delay: 280ms;
}
.intro-portrait {
  animation: portrait-in 800ms var(--ease-out) 120ms backwards;
}
@keyframes portrait-in {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(1.03);
  }
}
.home-section {
  padding-bottom: clamp(96px, 10vw, 152px);
}
.home-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 14px 32px;
  margin-bottom: clamp(32px, 4vw, 48px);
}
.home-heading h2 {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 3vw, 2.6rem);
}
.home-heading > p {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  max-width: 40em;
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
/* A post's own figure on a tone plate; the transparent SVG takes the plate. */
.post-figure {
  display: block;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.post-figure-plate {
  display: block;
  padding: clamp(14px, 1.8vw, 28px);
  background: var(--surface);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.post-figure img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  transition: transform 500ms var(--ease-out);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .post-figure:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.015);
  }
}
.post-figure-caption {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 14px;
  font-size: 16px;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .post-figure:hover .post-figure-caption {
    color: var(--primary);
    text-decoration: underline;
  }
}
/* Research lines: the figure from the line's tutorial beside its text. */
.themes {
  display: grid;
  gap: clamp(56px, 6vw, 88px);
}
.theme {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 6fr) minmax(0, 5fr);
  gap: clamp(32px, 5vw, 72px);
  align-items: center;
}
.theme h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2vw, 1.75rem);
}
.theme-text > p {
  margin-top: 14px;
  font-size: 18px;
}
.theme-papers {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 22px 0 24px;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.theme-papers a {
  text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, currentColor 35%, transparent);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .theme-papers a:hover {
    text-decoration-color: currentColor;
  }
}
.theme-papers span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
/* Selected papers as citations: title, authors with the owner in bold,
   journal in italic. */
.citations {
  display: grid;
  gap: 32px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  max-width: 52em;
}
.citation-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.citation-title a {
  text-decoration: none;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .citation-title a:hover {
    color: var(--primary);
    text-decoration: underline;
  }
}
.citation-authors {
  margin-top: 6px;
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.citation-authors strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.citation-venue {
  margin-top: 2px;
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.citation-venue cite {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.post-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 28px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  max-width: 52em;
}
.post-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 11em minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 8px 32px;
  align-items: baseline;
}
.post-list time {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.post-list a {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.3;
  text-decoration: none;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .post-list a:hover {
    color: var(--primary);
    text-decoration: underline;
  }
}
.post-list p {
  margin-top: 6px;
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.home-contact .contact-email a {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 28px;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}
@media (max-width: 699.98px) {
  .intro-hero {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .intro-portrait {
    grid-row: 1;
    width: min(176px, 46vw);
  }
  .theme {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .home-heading {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .home-contact .contact-email a {
    font-size: 21px;
  }
  .post-list li {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .intro-text > p:not(.intro-role) {
    font-size: 18px;
  }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .intro-text > *,
  .intro-portrait {
    animation: none;
  }
}

/* Touch: no grey tap flash, no tap delay, no long-press selection on
   controls, and an immediate response on press for every pressable thing.
   Body text stays selectable. */
html {
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}
a,
button,
summary,
label:has(input) {
  touch-action: manipulation;
}
button,
.button,
.lang-switch a,
.site-header nav a {
  user-select: none;
  -webkit-user-select: none;
  -webkit-touch-callout: none;
}
a {
  transition: opacity 120ms var(--ease-out);
}
a:active {
  opacity: 0.6;
  transition-duration: 0ms;
}
.button:active,
.post-figure:active,
.article-preview-figure:active {
  opacity: 1;
}
.menu-toggle,
.copy-email {
  transition:
    transform 160ms var(--ease-out),
    background-color 200ms var(--ease-out);
}
.menu-toggle:active,
.copy-email:active {
  transform: scale(0.96);
  transition-duration: 100ms;
}
.post-figure-plate,
.article-preview-figure {
  transition: transform 160ms var(--ease-out);
}
.post-figure:active .post-figure-plate,
.article-preview-figure:active {
  transform: scale(0.99);
  transition-duration: 100ms;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .button:active,
  .menu-toggle:active,
  .copy-email:active,
  .post-figure:active .post-figure-plate,
  .article-preview-figure:active {
    transform: none;
  }
}

/* Tracking follows size: display type is tightened above; text at 13–15 px
   opens up slightly so it stays legible. */
.identity-sub,
.site-footer,
.post-list time,
.post-figure-caption,
.activity-type,
.project-category,
.status,
.list-note,
.updated {
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

/* Short pages keep the footer at the bottom of the screen. */
body {
  min-height: 100svh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
main {
  flex: 1 0 auto;
}
.page-heading .button {
  margin-top: 28px;
}

/* Raised contrast (an OS setting): secondary text moves toward the ink,
   tone steps deepen, links carry a heavier underline and focus a wider ring. */
@media (prefers-contrast: more) {
  :root {
    --muted: #2c3036;
    --surface: #e3e3dc;
    --line: #8f939b;
  }
  a {
    text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
  }
  a:focus-visible,
  button:focus-visible,
  summary:focus-visible {
    outline-width: 4px;
  }
}

/* CV on wide screens: the two short sections, education and teaching, sit
   side by side instead of each leaving half the page empty. */
@media screen and (min-width: 1000px) {
  .cv-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    column-gap: clamp(40px, 5vw, 80px);
    align-items: start;
  }
  .cv-content > * {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }
  .cv-content > .cv-section:nth-of-type(2) {
    grid-column: 1;
  }
  .cv-content > .cv-section:nth-of-type(3) {
    grid-column: 2;
  }
  .cv-content > .cv-section:nth-of-type(2) .cv-row,
  .cv-content > .cv-section:nth-of-type(3) .cv-row {
    grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .article-heading h1 {
    font-size: 1.85rem;
  }
}

/* The CV opens with the portrait beside the name, as a printed CV would. */
.cv-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  column-gap: clamp(32px, 5vw, 72px);
  align-items: start;
}
.cv-heading > * {
  grid-column: 1;
}
.cv-heading > .cv-portrait {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1 / span 4;
  width: clamp(120px, 14vw, 200px);
  margin: 0;
}
.cv-portrait img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  object-fit: cover;
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .cv-heading > .cv-portrait {
    width: 96px;
  }
}
@media print {
  .cv-portrait {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* Figures unveil from the bottom as they enter, once: a clip-path reveal
   instead of the text's rise, so a plot reads as drawn into place. */
.post-figure-plate.reveal,
.article-preview-figure.reveal {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
  clip-path: inset(0 0 100% 0);
  transition: clip-path 700ms var(--ease-out);
}
.post-figure-plate.reveal.is-in,
.article-preview-figure.reveal.is-in {
  clip-path: inset(0 0 0 0);
}